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Using a VPN is a terrific way to protect your internet traffic when you're traveling, but it is not a solution for encrypting your local files. .

When the FBI needed information from the San Bernardino shot's iPhone, they asked Apple to get a rear door to get past the encryption. However, no such back door existed, and Apple refused to make one. The FBI needed to hire hackers to get into the phone.

Why wouldn't Apple help Since the moment a back door or similar hack is different, it will become a goal, a prize for the poor guys. It will flow sooner or later. In a discussion at Black Hat last summer, Apple's Ivan Krstic disclosed the company has done something similar in their cryptographic servers.

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Apple can't update thembut the poor guys can't get in either. .

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All the products in this roundup explicitly say they have no rear door, and that is as it should be. It does mean that if you encrypt an essential document and then forget that the encryption password, you've lost it for good.

Back in the day, in the event that you wanted to keep a document key you could use a cipher to encrypt it and then burn the original. Or you could lock it up in a safe. The two main methods in encryption utilities parallel these options.

One sort of product simply procedures files and folders, turning them into impenetrable encrypted versions of themselves. Another creates a virtual disk that, when open, acts like any other drive on your system. When you lock the virtual drive, all of the files you put into it are completely inaccessible. .

Similar to the virtual drive solution, some products store your encrypted information in the cloud. This approach demands extreme caution, obviously. Encrypted information in the cloud has a much larger attack surface than encrypted data on your own PC.

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Which is better It actually depends on how you plan to use encryption. If you are not sure, take advantage of this 30-day free trial offered by each one of these products to get a sense of the different options.

After you copy a document into secure storage, or make an encrypted version of it, you absolutely need to wipe the unencrypted original. Simply deleting it isn't sufficient, even if you skip the Recycle Bin, since the data still exists on disk, and data recovery utilities can often get it back. .

Some encryption products prevent this issue by encrypting the document in place, literally overwriting it on disc using an encrypted version. It is more common, however, to provide safe deletion as an option. If you choose something that lacks this attribute, you ought to find a free secure deletion tool to use along with it. .

Overwriting information before deletion is sufficient to balk software-based retrieval tools. Hardware-based forensic retrieval works because the magnetic recording of data on a hard drive isn't actually digital. It's more of a waveform. In simple terms, the process involves nulling out the known information and reading around the edges of what is left.

An encryption algorithm is like a black box. Dump a document, image, or other file into it, and you get back what seems like gibberish. Run that gibberish back via the box, using the same password, and you get back the original.

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The U.S. government has settled on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a standard, and all of the merchandise accumulated here support AES. Even the ones that support other algorithms tend to recommend using AES.

If you are an encryption specialist, you may want another algorithm, Blowfish, perhaps, basics or the Soviet government's GOST. For the typical consumer, however, AES is just fine.

Passwords are important, and you have to keep them confidential, right Well, not when you use Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptography.

With PKI, you get two keys. One is click this link public; you can share it with anyone, register it in a key exchange, tattoo it on your foreheadwhatever you prefer. Another is private, and should be closely guarded. If I want to send you a secret document, I just encrypt it with your public key.

Simple! .

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Using this program in reverse, you can make an electronic signature which proves your document came from you and hasn't been altered. How Just encrypt it with your private key. The fact your public key decrypts it is all of the evidence you need. PKI support is less common than support for traditional symmetric algorithms. .

If you want to share a file with someone and your encryption application doesn't support PKI, there are other options for sharing. Many products allow creation of a self-decrypting executable file. You may also find that the recipient can use a free, decryption-only tool.

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